| 言語の構造 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 言語記号の特徴 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 音韻体系 |
|
|
|
|
|
拍・モーラ 音節に関して |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 形態・語彙体系 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 語彙の体系 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 統語構造 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 意味体系 |
一般意味論 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 意味体系 |
認知意味論 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 誤用論的規範 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 発話行為と間接発話行為 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 協調の原理と会話の公理 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 韻律（いんりつ）：プロソディ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| フット（脚）：には区をひとまとまりとする単位 |
|
|
|
|
| 日本語のアクセント：強弱でなく、相対的な高低となる |
|
|
|
|
| 平板型：へいばんがた 【柄/空き/煮豆/学生/端/背中/窓際】 |
|
|
|
|
| 核・滝 |
【箸（ハシ）ハ＝核/シ＝滝】 |
|
|
|
|
|
| 頭高型 |
【絵/秋/命/箸/猫/トマト/ゴジラ/歳月/関西】※ゴジラのトマト |
|
|
| 尾高型 |
【時が/男が/痛みが/元々が/妹が/半月が】・・・がなど助詞をつける |
|
|
| 中高型 |
【卵/一人/あなた/夜回り】※一人で卵をゆでる |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| イントネーション：上昇調と下降調 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| プロミネンス（卓立）：音の工夫による意味の際立たせ方 |
|
|
|
|
| ポーズ（pause）：意味の分別/音の空白 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|